It is known that the steel industry is evolving towards production methods aiming at efficiency improvement and reduction of the environmental impact. It follows that a transition from blast furnace production towards the electric furnace route has been underway for some time now, and it is therefore possible that users of this kind of steel will have to rely on new suppliers with EAF...
Transitioning from traditional integrated steelmaking using blast furnaces to direct reduction combined with electric arc furnaces is among the most promising strategies to reduce CO₂ emissions in iron and steel production. However, the availability of raw materials required for this route, such as high-grade iron ores, is limited. To overcome this constraint, alternative green production...
Calcium (Ca) treatment is widely used in ladle metallurgy to modify alumina-based inclusions and improve steel cleanliness. The effectiveness of this process largely depends on the type of Ca-cored wires employed and the refining conditions, which influences dissolution behavior, calcium recovery and ultimately inclusion modification. This study examines two commonly used wire types-pure Ca...
The aim of this self-setting monolithic refractory mass was to be the example of the easy and clean tundish work lining performance for a steel plant. This contribution will present the history and the evolution of this tundish working refractory product in the Steelmaking world during this recent years. The development of Coldmag in Europe and America had its origin in 2007 and 2010...
Optimizing the removal of impurities like phosphorus and sulphur is crucial for producing high-quality steel and enhancing process efficiency. This study systematically assesses how the firing conditions of lime —a primary slag-forming agent—directly influence the dephosphorization and desulphurization capacity of metallurgical slags. A series of controlled laboratory-scale equilibrium...
Hydrogen-based direct reduction is emerging as a promising strategy for steel production due to its low CO2 emissions. In this process, the melting of direct reduced iron (DRI) and the separation of steel and slag occur in the electric arc furnace (EAF). However, this process is affected by the thermophysical properties of slag, which are critical and ultimately affect both the yield and the...