Slag rheology is one of the important parameters in Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steelmaking, as it significantly impacts process stability, energy efficiency, and the degradation of refractory materials, with its behavior strongly determined by the composition of the slag. The aim of this research is to understand the influence of Al₂O₃ on the structure and properties of EAF slag, thereby...
Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) is increasingly utilised as an alternative metallic charge in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking for flat product manufacturing, due to stringent quality standards required for these steel grades. It is also being adopted in long product production, where scrap availability is often a bottleneck.
DRI quality fluctuations require continuous adjustments to the...
Ironmaking and steelmaking decarbonization involves significant transformations in existing production processes, and electric-based melting units are acquiring even more importance. Both Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and Electric Smelting Furnace (ESF) are indeed considered at the bases of future steel and hot metal production, respectively. EAF is a well-known technology deeply used in...
Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) remains one of the least valorised metallurgical by-products in the European steel sector due to its unfavorable mineralogical structure generated by slow air cooling. This conventional Best Available Technique (BAT) produces γ-dicalcium silicate, leading to high dusting rates, significant water consumption, and limited external reuse. To address this bottleneck,...
Refractory recycling has emerged as a key strategy in reducing the environmental impact of the steel and cement industries, where spent refractories often pose significant disposal challenges due to the presence of hazardous components such as bauxite, copper, magnesite, and chrome-bearing materials1,2. In line with its sustainability roadmap, RHI Magnesita is actively pursuing circular...
Slag is a critical factor in all major steelmaking routes, including EAF, BOF, LF, and VD processes. It affects refining efficiency, energy consumption, refractory life, and overall process stability. Traditionally, slag chemistry is measured using pressed pellets and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). While widely used, this method has some limitations: sample preparation takes time, heterogeneous or...