The formation of freeze lining (FL) – a solidified slag layer that protects the furnace inner walls and refractory linings from chemical corrosion and physical degradation – is essential for the safe, energy-efficient, and long-term operation of high-temperature metallurgical reactors. Building upon a successful prior research program, a new consortium has been established, bringing together...
The hydrogen reduction iron- and steelmaking route is attracting global attention as an eco-friendly process for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. It produces hot metal by melting hydrogen-based direct-reduced iron (H2-DRI) in an electric smelting furnace (ESF). In conventional blast furnace (BF) processes, the Si content of the hot metal is used as an indicator of hot metal quality and...
Contemporary stainless steelmaking is based predominantly on the duplex route, consisting of an electric arc furnace (EAF) followed by argon–oxygen decarburisation (AOD), or on the triplex route, in which EAF and AOD processing is followed by vacuum–oxygen decarburisation (VOD). Raw materials strongly influence slag chemistry in the EAF, and therefore understanding the properties and evolution...
Currently, the European steel industry is undergoing a transformation, driven by two major forces. Firstly, to stay competitive in difficult market situations, new ways to improve processes, reduce losses and increase resource efficiency have to be developed. Secondly, economic and regulatory forces drive a transition of the steel industry towards production processes with lower carbon...
Dear Scientific committee,
As the global market leader in monitoring and measurement solutions for steelmaking processes, Heraeus Electro-Nite is dedicated to advancing the industry through innovation. Our commitment to research and development enables us to deliver disruptive technologies that enhance efficiency, quality, and sustainability in steel production.
In recent years, we have...
Make the slag, and the steel makes itself. This expression underlines a central idea in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking: slag is a key part of the process, even if it is not part of the product. “Good” slag influences energy consumption, refining quality, and overall process stability. However, recent findings strengthen the impression that today’s slag analysis methods often do not...