Electric arc furnaces (EAFs) rely on carbonaceous materials (e.g., anthracite, coke breeze, or synthetic graphite) for slag foaming, oxygen refining, and energy efficiency. Replacing fossil-derived carbon with hydrochar, produced via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biogenic residues, could lower the environmental footprint of steelmaking. Yet the net benefit depends strongly on feedstock...
The steel industry’s transition towards lower CO2 emission is accelerating the shift from BF/BOF routes to direct reduction and electric arc furnace (EAF) operations. This green steel transformation will significantly increase EAF-related byproducts such as slags and dusts. Unlike BF slag, widely used as a secondary cementitious material (SCM), EAF slag faces limited utilization due to...
This study presents an innovative system developed within the AdriatiCO2 Project for the direct reduction of iron ore via a smelting process. The system substitutes conventional coking coal with sustainable carbon sources and/or biochar—a renewable reducing agent produced from biomass pyrolysis—and integrates efficient CO₂ capture to minimize the carbon footprint of steelmaking.
In the...
The global transition toward green steelmaking has accelerated the adoption of Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) in both standalone and integrated steel plants. While EAF technology offers flexibility in raw material use and supports decarbonization goals, its implementation introduces significant environmental and operational challenges. Compliance with increasingly stringent regulations on...
In steelmaking, burners are essential for delivering heat, particularly in Electric Arc Furnaces (EAFs) and Reheat Furnaces (RFs). Within EAFs, despite the majority of heat being supplied through electric arcs, burners provide heat to cold spots to homogenise heat distribution, enhancing overall thermal efficiency and increasing output. Traditionally, these burners rely on carbon-intensive...